The combination of artist-curated scans, and deep implicit functions (IF), is enabling the creation of detailed, clothed, 3D humans from images. However, existing methods are far from perfect. IF-based methods recover free-form geometry but produce disembodied limbs or degenerate shapes for unseen poses or clothes. To increase robustness for these cases, existing work uses an explicit parametric body model to constrain surface reconstruction, but this limits the recovery of free-form surfaces such as loose clothing that deviates from the body. What we want is a method that combines the best properties of implicit and explicit methods. To this end, we make two key observations: (1) current networks are better at inferring detailed 2D maps than full-3D surfaces, and (2) a parametric model can be seen as a "canvas" for stitching together detailed surface patches. ECON infers high-fidelity 3D humans even in loose clothes and challenging poses, while having realistic faces and fingers. This goes beyond previous methods. Quantitative, evaluation of the CAPE and Renderpeople datasets shows that ECON is more accurate than the state of the art. Perceptual studies also show that ECON's perceived realism is better by a large margin. Code and models are available for research purposes at https://xiuyuliang.cn/econ

人类不断与日常对象互动以完成任务。为了了解这种相互作用，计算机需要从观察全身与场景的全身相互作用的相机中重建这些相互作用。由于身体和物体之间的阻塞，运动模糊，深度/比例模棱两可以及手和可抓握的物体零件的低图像分辨率，这是具有挑战性的。为了使问题可以解决，社区要么专注于互动的手，忽略身体或互动的身体，无视双手。 Grab数据集解决了灵活的全身互动，但使用基于标记的MOCAP并缺少图像，而行为则捕获了身体对象互动的视频，但缺乏手动细节。我们使用参数全身模型SMPL-X和已知的对象网格来解决一种新的方法，该方法与Intercap的先前工作局限性，该方法是一种新的方法，可重建从多视图RGB-D数据进行交互的整体和对象。为了应对上述挑战，Intercap使用了两个关键观察：（i）可以使用手和物体之间的接触来改善两者的姿势估计。 （ii）Azure Kinect传感器使我们能够建立一个简单的多视图RGB-D捕获系统，该系统在提供合理的相机间同步时最小化遮挡的效果。使用此方法，我们捕获了Intercap数据集，其中包含10个受试者（5名男性和5个女性）与10个各种尺寸和负担的物体相互作用，包括与手或脚接触。 Intercap总共有223个RGB-D视频，产生了67,357个多视图帧，每个帧包含6个RGB-D图像。我们的方法为每个视频框架提供了伪真正的身体网格和对象。我们的Intercap方法和数据集填补了文献中的重要空白，并支持许多研究方向。我们的数据和代码可用于研究目的。

虽然从图像中回归3D人类的方法迅速发展，但估计的身体形状通常不会捕获真正的人形状。这是有问题的，因为对于许多应用，准确的身体形状与姿势一样重要。身体形状准确性差姿势准确性的关键原因是缺乏数据。尽管人类可以标记2D关节，并且这些约束3D姿势，但“标记” 3D身体形状并不容易。由于配对的数据与图像和3D身体形状很少见，因此我们利用了两个信息来源：（1）我们收集了各种“时尚”模型的互联网图像，以及一系列的人体测量值； （2）我们为3D身体网眼和模型图像收集语言形状属性。综上所述，这些数据集提供了足够的约束来推断密集的3D形状。我们利用几种新型方法来利用人体测量和语言形状属性来训练称为Shapy的神经网络，从而从RGB图像中回归了3D人类的姿势和形状。我们在公共基准测试上评估shapy，但请注意，它们要么缺乏明显的身体形状变化，地面真实形状或衣服变化。因此，我们收集了一个新的数据集，用于评估3D人类形状估计，称为HBW，其中包含“野生人体”的照片，我们为其具有地面3D身体扫描。在这个新的基准测试中，Shapy在3D身体估计的任务上的最先进方法极大地胜过。这是第一次演示，即可以从易于观察的人体测量和语言形状属性中训练来自图像的3D体形回归。我们的模型和数据可在以下网址获得：shapy.is.tue.mpg.de

人类将他们的手和身体一起移动，沟通和解决任务。捕获和复制此类协调活动对于虚拟字符至关重要，以实际行为行为。令人惊讶的是，大多数方法分别对待身体和手的3D建模和跟踪。在这里，我们制定了一种手和身体的型号，并将其与全身4D序列合理。当扫描或捕获3D中的全身时，手很小，通常是部分闭塞，使其形状和难以恢复。为了应对低分辨率，闭塞和噪音，我们开发了一种名为Mano（具有铰接和非刚性变形的手模型）的新型号。曼诺从大约1000个高分辨率的3D扫描中学到了31个受试者的手中的大约一定的手。该模型是逼真的，低维，捕获非刚性形状的姿势变化，与标准图形封装兼容，可以适合任何人类的手。 Mano提供从手姿势的紧凑型映射，以构成混合形状校正和姿势协同效应的线性歧管。我们将Mano附加到标准参数化3D体形状模型（SMPL），导致完全铰接的身体和手部模型（SMPL + H）。我们通过用4D扫描仪捕获的综合体，自然，自然，自然的受试者的活动来说明SMPL + H.该配件完全自动，并导致全身型号，自然地移动详细的手动运动和在全身性能捕获之前未见的现实主义。模型和数据在我们的网站上自由用于研究目的（http://mano.is.tue.mpg.de）。

生成数字人类，现实地具有许多应用，并且被广泛研究，但现有的方法专注于身体的主要肢体，忽略了手和头部。手已经分开研究，但重点是在产生现实的静态爪子上。要综合与世界互动的虚拟字符，我们需要同时生成全身运动和现实手掌。两个子问题都是挑战自己，在一起，姿势的状态空间显着更大，手和身体运动的尺度不同，而且整体姿势和手柄必须同意，满足身体限制，以及是合理的。此外，头部涉及，因为化身必须查看对象与它交互。我们第一次解决了生成一个抓住未知物体的头像的全身，手和头部运动的问题。作为输入，我们的方法，称为目标，采用3D对象，其位置和起始3D身体姿势和形状。目标使用两种新颖的网络输出一系列全身姿势。首先，GNET通过现实的身体，头部，臂和手姿势产生目标全体掌握，以及手对象接触。其次，MNET生成起始和目标姿势之间的运动。这是具有挑战性的，因为它需要头像与脚踏接触朝向物体走向物体，将头部向朝向它朝向它，伸出伸展，并用现实的手姿势和手工触点抓住它。为了实现这一网络，网络利用组合SMPL-X身体参数和3D顶点偏移的表示。我们在标准数据集上培训和评估目标，定性和定量。结果表明，目标概括了不佳的对象，表现优于基线。目标是迈向综合现实的全身对象掌握。

目前用于学习现实和可动画3D穿衣服的方法需要带有仔细控制的用户的构成3D扫描或2D图像。相比之下，我们的目标是从不受约束的姿势中只有2D人的人们学习化身。给定一组图像，我们的方法估计来自每个图像的详细3D表面，然后将它们组合成一个可动画的化身。隐式功能非常适合第一个任务，因为他们可以捕获像头发或衣服等细节。然而，目前的方法对各种人类的姿势并不稳健，并且通常会产生破碎或肢体的3D表面，缺少细节或非人形状。问题是这些方法使用对全局姿势敏感的全局特征编码器。为了解决这个问题，我们提出图标（“从正规中获得的隐式衣物人类”），它使用本地特征。图标有两个主要模块，两者都利用SMPL（-X）正文模型。首先，图标Infers详细的衣服 - 人类法线（前/后）在SMPL（-X）法线上。其次，可视性感知隐式表面回归系统产生人占用场的ISO表面。重要的是，在推断时间下，反馈回路在使用推断的布料正线改进SMPL（-X）网格之间交替，然后改装正常。给定多种姿势的多个重建帧，我们使用扫描来从中生成可动画的化身。对Agora和Cape数据集的评估显示，即使具有大量有限的培训数据，图标越优于重建中的最新状态。另外，它对分布外样品进行更强大，例如，野外的姿势/图像和帧外裁剪。图标从野外图像中迈向强大的3D穿上人体重建。这使得能够使用个性化和天然姿势依赖布变形来直接从视频创建化身。

To facilitate the analysis of human actions, interactions and emotions, we compute a 3D model of human body pose, hand pose, and facial expression from a single monocular image. To achieve this, we use thousands of 3D scans to train a new, unified, 3D model of the human body, SMPL-X, that extends SMPL with fully articulated hands and an expressive face. Learning to regress the parameters of SMPL-X directly from images is challenging without paired images and 3D ground truth. Consequently, we follow the approach of SMPLify, which estimates 2D features and then optimizes model parameters to fit the features. We improve on SMPLify in several significant ways: (1) we detect 2D features corresponding to the face, hands, and feet and fit the full SMPL-X model to these; (2) we train a new neural network pose prior using a large MoCap dataset; (3) we define a new interpenetration penalty that is both fast and accurate; (4) we automatically detect gender and the appropriate body models (male, female, or neutral); (5) our PyTorch implementation achieves a speedup of more than 8× over Chumpy. We use the new method, SMPLify-X, to fit SMPL-X to both controlled images and images in the wild. We evaluate 3D accuracy on a new curated dataset comprising 100 images with pseudo ground-truth. This is a step towards automatic expressive human capture from monocular RGB data. The models, code, and data are available for research purposes at https://smpl-x.is.tue.mpg.de.

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a technique for computing the derivative of a function represented by a program. This technique is considered as the de-facto standard for computing the differentiation in many machine learning and optimisation software tools. Despite the practicality of this technique, the performance of the differentiated programs, especially for functional languages and in the presence of vectors, is suboptimal. We present an AD system for a higher-order functional array-processing language. The core functional language underlying this system simultaneously supports both source-to-source forward-mode AD and global optimisations such as loop transformations. In combination, gradient computation with forward-mode AD can be as efficient as reverse mode, and the Jacobian matrices required for numerical algorithms such as Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt can be efficiently computed.

A methodology is proposed, which addresses the caveat that line-of-sight emission spectroscopy presents in that it cannot provide spatially resolved temperature measurements in nonhomogeneous temperature fields. The aim of this research is to explore the use of data-driven models in measuring temperature distributions in a spatially resolved manner using emission spectroscopy data. Two categories of data-driven methods are analyzed: (i) Feature engineering and classical machine learning algorithms, and (ii) end-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNN). In total, combinations of fifteen feature groups and fifteen classical machine learning models, and eleven CNN models are considered and their performances explored. The results indicate that the combination of feature engineering and machine learning provides better performance than the direct use of CNN. Notably, feature engineering which is comprised of physics-guided transformation, signal representation-based feature extraction and Principal Component Analysis is found to be the most effective. Moreover, it is shown that when using the extracted features, the ensemble-based, light blender learning model offers the best performance with RMSE, RE, RRMSE and R values of 64.3, 0.017, 0.025 and 0.994, respectively. The proposed method, based on feature engineering and the light blender model, is capable of measuring nonuniform temperature distributions from low-resolution spectra, even when the species concentration distribution in the gas mixtures is unknown.

As a result of the ever increasing complexity of configuring and fine-tuning machine learning models, the field of automated machine learning (AutoML) has emerged over the past decade. However, software implementations like Auto-WEKA and Auto-sklearn typically focus on classical machine learning (ML) tasks such as classification and regression. Our work can be seen as the first attempt at offering a single AutoML framework for most problem settings that fall under the umbrella of multi-target prediction, which includes popular ML settings such as multi-label classification, multivariate regression, multi-task learning, dyadic prediction, matrix completion, and zero-shot learning. Automated problem selection and model configuration are achieved by extending DeepMTP, a general deep learning framework for MTP problem settings, with popular hyperparameter optimization (HPO) methods. Our extensive benchmarking across different datasets and MTP problem settings identifies cases where specific HPO methods outperform others.